Legal Crypto In Romania

Cryptocurrency in Romania: Legal Framework and Market Insights

Cryptocurrencies have gained significant popularity worldwide, and Romania is no exception. As a member of the European Union, Romania maintains a progressive stance toward cryptocurrencies, integrating this technology into its legislative framework. This guide examines the legal status of cryptocurrencies in Romania, popular trading methods to convert Bitcoin to RON, leading crypto exchange platforms (including decentralized exchanges) supporting RON trading, local exchange platforms, Romanian digital currency regulations, and the DeFi and NFT markets. It also addresses two emerging trends: taxation on crypto assets and public adoption.

Is Cryptocurrency Legal in Romania?

Cryptocurrencies are legal in Romania and are classified as digital assets, not legal tender. They cannot be used to settle public debts, such as taxes, but are permitted for other transactions. This favorable legal environment allows individuals and businesses to invest in and use cryptocurrencies, provided they comply with Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and tax regulations.

Popular Exchanges

Romanians access cryptocurrencies through exchanges, primarily foreign-based platforms that support trading in Romanian Leu (RON) and various crypto pairs. Peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces like LocalBitcoins and Paxful facilitate direct trades with payment options, including bank transfers and mobile apps. These platforms are popular due to their ease of use and anonymity, provided users meet Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements.

Local Exchange Offices

Local exchange offices in cities such as Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Timisoara offer face-to-face cryptocurrency transactions. These offices comply with AML laws, requiring identification for transactions. Some collaborate with international exchanges to expand their offerings, while others focus on popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Fees are typically higher than online exchanges, reflecting the personalized service provided.

Regulatory Framework for the Cryptocurrency Market

Cryptocurrencies in Romania are primarily regulated under AML and counter-terrorism financing laws, overseen by the National Office for Prevention and Control of Money Laundering (ROSC). Crypto service providers, such as exchanges and custodians, must register, implement KYC measures, and report suspicious activities. The EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) Regulation, partially implemented as of 2025, requires crypto-asset service providers to obtain authorization and adhere to consumer protection and transparency standards.

Taxation is governed by the Romanian Tax Code, with crypto-derived income treated as taxable income at a 10% rate for individuals. Businesses accepting cryptocurrencies as payment are taxed on the turnover received in virtual currency but may claim VAT deductions on purchases paid with cryptocurrency.

DeFi Market in Romania

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is gaining traction in Romania, with users engaging in platforms like Uniswap, Aave, and Compound for lending, staking, and yield farming. Romania’s tech-savvy population drives DeFi adoption, but the absence of specific regulations exposes users to risks such as smart contract vulnerabilities and phishing attacks. Analyst Michael Maibach highlights the potential of MiCA’s future DeFi provisions to enhance oversight, boosting user confidence while preserving innovation.

NFT Market in Romania

The NFT market in Romania is emerging, with artists, gamers, and collectors participating on platforms like OpenSea and Rarible. NFTs are treated as digital assets for tax and AML purposes, though specific regulations are lacking. Romanian creators use NFTs to sell digital art and virtual real estate, but market growth is hindered by regulatory uncertainty and high transaction costs. MiCA does not currently cover most NFTs, pending further EU guidance.

Supplementary Information

• Local cryptocurrency ATMs are available in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Iasi.
• Blockchain conferences, such as the Blockchain Romania Summit, are held in Romania.
• Universities like Politehnica Bucharest offer blockchain-related courses.
• The Romanian Blockchain Association works to standardize the industry.
• Crypto mining is legal, with profitability dependent on electricity costs.

Taxation of Crypto Assets

Crypto gains are taxed at 10% as "other income" for individuals, requiring annual reporting. Businesses accepting crypto payments must charge VAT when applicable and maintain detailed transaction records. Challenges in tracking cost basis and complex reporting rules prompt investors to seek simplified tax policies to support market growth.

Public Adoption Trends

Cryptocurrency usage is increasing, particularly among Romania’s young, tech-savvy population. Urban stores accept crypto via payment processors, and blockchain education is expanding in universities and workshops. Despite challenges like security concerns and regulatory uncertainty, growing infrastructure and adoption are facilitating mainstream integration.

Key Information

Aspect	Details
Regulatory Body	National Office for Prevention and Control of Money Laundering
Tax Rate on Crypto Gains	10% (individual income)
Popular Cryptocurrencies	Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT
MiCA Implementation Status	Partial, full adoption by 2026
DeFi User Base Growth	Approx. 15% annual increase (2023–2025)

Conclusion

Romania’s cryptocurrency ecosystem thrives under a permissive legal framework and growing infrastructure. Global and local exchanges, alongside emerging DeFi and NFT markets, contribute to a dynamic environment. Compliance with AML and tax regulations, coupled with the evolving MiCA framework, balances innovation and oversight. As Romania embraces digital currencies, clearer regulations and enhanced education will further its integration into the global crypto landscape.